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Studies indicate that glucan produces and enhanced state of the host defense against bacterial infections Experts Urge Steps to Stem Antibiotic Resistance Health experts are calling for changes in antibiotic use to slow the spread of drug-resistant infections such as tuberculosis. Resistance emerges when antibiotics alter the bacterial setting, eliminating sensitive strains and giving a survival advantage to germs that can endure the drug. Therefore, each time an antibiotic is used, the risk that a patient will become infected with, or become a carrier of, a resistant organism increases. A recent study conducted by the federal Centers for disease Control and prevention found that more than one-third of the 150 million antibiotic prescriptions written annually for Americans who are not hospitalized was unnecessary. however, research has shown that changing how the drugs are used could have a substantial impact in reducing resistance. for example, a focus on directly observed therapy in which patients take their medicine in the presence of health care professionals helped to affect an 80 percent drop in new cases of multi-drug resistant TB in New York between 1992 and 1996. Paula I. Fujiwara, head of TB control in New York City's health department, noted, " You have to have a program in place to monitor, to give the drugs correctly, in order to prevent them being wasted." "Fluconazole-Resistant C. Albicans May Be Transmitted Orally" Reuters Health Information Services (8/25/97)
These studies indicate that glucan confers and enhanced state of the host defense against bacterial infections. With orally administered glucan, interleukin-2 was evaluated in treated animals and showed and increase. There was significant increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and peripheral monocyte number. A significant increase in number and in vitro candidacidal activity was also observed for alveolar (lung) macrophages. The resistance towards systemic infection with Candida albicans of Staphylococcus aureus increased, significantly reducing the growth of microorganisms in the kidneys of infected animals. Toxicological studies showed that glucan is highly tolerated. In the area of protective capacity in respiratory infection, Beta Glucan significantly increased rated of phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus. Beta Glucan greatly increased numbers of macrophages in the lungs of glucan treated rats; the lungs of glucan-treated mice appeared normal and that glucan can enhance intrapulmonary bacterial killing. The ability of glucan was shown to increase the number of lung macrophages resulting in increased bacterial ingestion. Particulate glucan resulted in significant reductions in the growth of a syngeneic anaplastic mammary carcinoma and melanoma and showed enhance survival. Studies demonstrate that prophylaxis with Beta Glucan in combination with antibiotics provided enhance protection against lethal challenge with Esherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus as compares with the use of antibiotics alone.
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